Grade 8 Health New Hampshire standards Standards

that individual behavior affects the environment and the community, e.g., recycling

how to advocate for the protection of natural resources

how to analyze the community for health problems

environmental health risks

Environmental Health and Resource Conservation

how to identify public service community health activities

how to access health agencies, e.g., health departments, voluntary agencies, private health care

home, school and community resources to promote health, e.g., library, Internet, health department, voluntary agencies

Community Health Services

Community and Environmental Health

how to communicate with health care providers about personal health

how to assess validity of claims made by promoters of health care products and services

similarities and differences among a variety of health care products and services

how to use prescribed and over-the-counter medicines appropriately

benefits of regular medical and dental checkups and screenings

Selecting and Using Health Care Products and Services

ways to manage diabetes, asthma, and allergies

how fads affect health, e.g., body piercing, tattooing, artificial fingernails, hair dyes

importance of wearing protective clothing

importance of using sunscreen

importance of immunizations

Preventing Disease and Infection

appropriate skin care to prevent and treat acne

benefits of regular dental cleaning and checkups

techniques to care for teeth with braces

effective tooth care: brushing and flossing

importance of hand washing

body changes that occur during growth and development

importance of clean hair

importance of clean clothing

importance of bathing

Personal Health Care

Personal and Consumer Health

how to identify support systems (formal and informal)

valid sources of information and help

why to get help

when to get help

Resources and Support

interaction of alcohol and other drug use with mental illness

signs, behaviors, and symptoms of depression and other mental illness, including suicide

Mental Health Problems

strategies for transitioning into high school and beyond

ways to avoid stress

coping strategies to reduce stress

how to analyze stressors, e.g., death, ending relationships, changing schools, rejection

Stress Management

how to advocate for fairness

how to advocate for a healthy social environment

how to advocate for needs and rights of others

appropriate ways to end relationships

how to resist peer pressure

ways to communicate respect for diversity, e.g., mental and physical disabilities, culture, race/ethnicity

characteristics of nonverbal communication

effective listening skills, e.g., reflective listening

skills for effective speaking, e.g., I-statements, eye contact, assertiveness

how to build and maintain healthy friendships

Interpersonal Relationships and Communication

techniques to prepare for high school and beyond

how emotions and behaviors change during adolescence

ways to manage and reduce anger and conflict

positive ways to handle/express emotions, e.g., mood swings, hurt feelings, loneliness, sadness

how to express needs, wants, and feelings appropriately

ways to deal with frustration

Emotional Health

how to develop and demonstrate a positive body image

how to develop and demonstrate a sense of power (empowerment)

how to develop and demonstrate a sense of belonging (connectiveness)

characteristics of positive role models

personal assets and strengths

Positive Self-Image

Mental Health

risks of different types of tobacco products

harmful effects of tobacco smoke

short-term effects of tobacco use, e.g., bad breath, heart rate, athletic performance

addictive effects of nicotine

Short-Term and Long-Term Risks of Tobacco Use

financial benefits

social benefits

long-term and short-term health benefits

Benefits of Being Tobacco Free

the difficulty of stopping tobacco use

resources to quit using tobacco products

healthful alternatives to tobacco use

that most people do not use tobacco

ways to support others to be tobacco free

how to advocate for a tobacco-free environment

ways to communicate personal attitudes about tobacco use

strategies to resist pressure to use

how to make a personal commitment not to use

Choosing to Be Tobacco Free

legal factors

media influences

how to identify role models

advertising strategies

peer influences

family influences

internal influences

Influences on Tobacco Use

Tobacco

effective methods and steps for prevention

valid sources to get help

facts and myths about contraceptive methods

that abstinence is the most effective prevention method

Pregnancy Prevention

importance of having compassion for people with HIV

valid sources of information and help

treatment options

consequences of untreated HIV and other STDs

that HIV and other STDs can be asymptomatic

effective prevention strategies—abstinence is the most effective

common routes of transmission of HIV and other STDs

common signs and symptoms of HIV and other STDs

risks of HIV and other STDs

HIV and Other STD Prevention

influences on sexual behavior, e.g., family, peers, religion, media, culture, internal

risks of unintended pregnancy and disease with unprotected sexual intercourse

effects of alcohol and other drug use on sexual behavior

strategies to deal with pressures to cross sexual limits

strategies to show respect for sexual limits of others

benefits of setting sexual limits, e.g., staying in school, reputation, achieving future goals

how to refuse unwanted or unprotected sex

that most students are not engaging in sexual intercourse

how to make a personal commitment to abstain from sexual intercourse

Sexual Behavior

about changes during the life cycle (birth, childhood, aging, death)

about puberty and adolescence

social changes

physical changes

emotional changes

Growth and Development

effects of changes in family dynamics after birth, marriage, divorce, death, etc.

diversity of relationships

ways to communicate respect for self and others

Families and Relationships

Family Life and Sexuality

how to assess validity of fitness claims

how to select products, services, and facilities related to physical activity

Products and Services for Physical Activity

how to assess validity of claims of performance-enhancing drugs and nutritional supplements

effects of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs on performance

Effects of Drugs on Fitness

ways to avoid dangerous activities

techniques to warm-up

techniques to prevent the spread of blood-borne pathogens

how to use protective equipment

Prevention of Sports and Exercise Injuries

media influences

internal influences (enjoyment, satisfaction)

peer influences

family influences

Influences on Physical Activity

relationship between healthful physical activity and weight management

strategies for protection from cold, heat, and sun during activity, e.g., hydration, sunscreen

strategies for overcoming barriers to physical activity

how to develop plans that include types and amounts of activity and focus on health-related physical fitness

how to assess personal physical activity levels

physiological responses to physical activity (energy expenditure, heart rate, respiratory rate, resting heart rate)

types of exercise: aerobic, stretching, strengthening

phases of a workout: warmup, work out, cool down

how to evaluate exercise needs: frequency, intensity, duration

benefits and risks of physical activity, including mental and social benefits

Healthful Physical Activity

Physical Activity

reasons for food safety

importance of cleanliness

techniques for safe food preparation, serving, and storage

Food Safety

healthful weight management practices

how energy is expended during exercise/activity

how to assess food intake to determine energy intake

Balancing Food Intake and Physical Activity

how moods and emotions influence food choices

how marketing, packaging, and advertising influence food choices

cultural influences

peer influences

family influences

how to assess personal likes and dislikes

Influences on Food Choices

how to assess validity of claims of nutritional supplements and weight loss products

how to use the Dietary Guidelines

how to use the Food Guide Pyramid

how to read food nutrition labels

Accessing Nutrition Information and Products

how to prepare healthful meals for self and others

strategies for overcoming barriers to healthful eating

how to assess personal nutritional needs, preferences, and practices

benefits of moderating sugar intake

benefits of decreasing fat intake

benefits of consuming more water, fruits, vegetables, grains, and calcium-rich foods

how to select variety and proportions of foods (consistent with Food Guide Pyramid)

benefits of healthful eating (short-term and long-term benefits and risks)

Healthful Eating

Nutrition

influence of AOD use on depression

how to get help for self and others

how to recognize signs of depression and mental illness

how to identify stressors

Suicide Prevention

use of protective equipment at home, school, and work

use of protective equipment for sports and leisure activities

Use of Protective Equipment

valid sources for getting help

causes of conflict in schools and communities

ways to prevent child abuse

gun safety

how to report weapons

importance of not carrying a weapon

how to avoid fighting/bullying

conflict resolution techniques

ways to avoid interpersonal conflict

Violence Prevention

how to use public transportation safely

strategies for bicycle safety

how to use motorized vehicles safely (e.g., motorcycles, ATVs, snowmobiles, jet skis

how to use protective equipment

Transportation Safety

how to prevent and care for poisonings

how to care for burns

how to clear respiratory obstructions (choking)

how to stop bleeding

steps for rescue breathing

universal precautions (infection control procedures)

how to get help

how to assess the situation

First Aid

precautions when entering or being around water

strategies to help self and others

strategies to rescue self

importance of avoiding AOD use

Water Safety

how to access resources for getting help

strategies to stay safe around electricity

escape plans

strategies to prevent fires

Fire Safety

Injury Prevention

how to encourage others not to use

how to deal with pressure to use

how to get help

effects and consequences of other non-medicinal drug use

Communicating Healthful Choices about AOD Use

how to accept personal responsibility for choices about AOD use

how to make a personal commitment not to use

Healthful Choices about AOD Use

influences on different levels of AOD use

legal factors

cultural influences

peer influences

family influences

internal influences

pressures to use

Positive and Negative Influences on AOD Use

benefits of not using AOD (physical, social, emotional, legal, financial)

relationship between AOD use and mental health

relationship between AOD use and sexual behavior

relationship between AOD use and other injuries

relationship between AOD use and transportation injuries

effects of use of other smoked illicit drugs

effects of marijuana use

effects of inhalant use

effects of binge drinking

signs and behaviors of AOD use

physical, social, and emotional effects of AOD use

risks of dependence and addiction

Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of AOD Use

physical, social, and emotional effects of AOD use

risks of dependence and addiction

Short-Term and Long-Term Benefits and Risks of Medicinal Drugs

Alcohol and Other Drugs